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Background@#To compare the sensory change and recovery of infraorbital area associated with zygomaticomaxillary and orbital floor fractures and their recoveries and investigate the factors that affect them. @*Methods@#We retrospectively reviewed 652 patients diagnosed with zygomaticomaxillary (n= 430) or orbital floor (n= 222) fractures in a single center between January 2016 and January 2021. Patient data, including age, sex, medical history, injury mechanism, Knight and North classification (in zygomaticomaxillary fracture cases), injury indication for surgery (in orbital floor cases), combined injury, sensory change, and recovery period, were reviewed. The chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. @*Results@#Orbital floor fractures occurred more frequently in younger patients than zygomaticomaxillary fractures (p< 0.001). High-energy injuries were more likely to be associated with zygomaticomaxillary fractures (p< 0.001), whereas low-energy injuries were more likely to be associated with orbital floor fractures (p< 0.001). The sensory changes associated with orbital floor and zygomaticomaxillary fractures were not significantly different (p= 0.773). Sensory recovery was more rapid and better after orbital floor than after zygomaticomaxillary fractures; however, the difference was not significantly different. Additionally, the low-energy group showed a higher incidence of sensory changes than the high-energy group, but the difference was not statistically significant (p= 0.512). Permanent sensory changes were more frequent in the high-energy group, the difference was statistically significant (p= 0.043). @*Conclusion@#The study found no significant difference in the incidence of sensory changes associated with orbital floor and zygomaticomaxillary fractures. In case of orbital floor fractures and high-energy injuries, the risk of permanent sensory impairment should be considered.
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Purpose@#This study aimed to evaluate the natural growth of subepithelial tumors of the small bowel detected on CT. @*Materials and Methods@#Consecutive patients who were suspected of having subepithelial tumors of the small bowel between January 2005 and December 2020 were reviewed. Eligible patients with suspected small (< 30 mm) subepithelial tumors on at least two CT evaluations were included in the analysis. The patients’ data on demographic characteristics, tumoral characteristics, and tumoral size changes during the follow-up were collected. @*Results@#This study included 64 patients with suspected small subepithelial tumors (n = 64) of the small bowel. After a median follow-up of 15.8 months, the diameter and volume growth rates were 0.02 mm/month and 1.5 mm3/month, respectively. A significant correlation was observed between the initial size and the growth rate of the small bowel subepithelial tumors. The group of large-sized tumors (initial diameter ≥ 10 mm) tended to show lobulated contours, heterogeneous enhancement, and necrotic changes more frequently than the group of small-sized tumors (initial diameter < 10 mm). @*Conclusion@#Small bowel subepithelial tumors measuring less than 10 mm grew more slowly than those measuring 10–30 mm.
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Purpose@#This study was a prospective single-arm clinical trial aimed at assessing the efficacy and toxicity of subcutaneous interleukin (IL)-2 monotherapy in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). @*Materials and Methods@#We enrolled 26 patients with metastatic RCC in this multicenter controlled trial. The patients received subcutaneous injections of recombinant IL-2 (BMI-rh-IL2, an aldesleukin biosimilar, BMIKOREA Co., Ltd.) in 5-week cycles. In the first week, the patients received a subcutaneous IL-2 loading dose of 18×106 IU once on treatment days 1–5, followed by 2 days of rest. In the following 3 weeks, they received a dose of 18×106 IU via subcutaneous injection once on treatment days 1 and 2. Then, the patients received a dose of 9×106 IU via subcutaneous injection once on treatment days 3, 4, and 5, followed by 2 days of rest. The primary end point was the objective response rate; the secondary end points were progressionfree survival (PFS) and safety. @*Results@#Overall, 22 patients were included in the final per-protocol analysis. The objective response and the disease control rates were 13.64% (3 of 22), and 90.9% (20 of 22), respectively. The mean PFS was 5.55 months (95% confidence interval, 2.71–8.4). The proportion of patients who experienced a treatment-related grade 3 or 4 adverse event was 3.85% (1 of 26). There were no treatment-related deaths. @*Conclusions@#In this study, the subcutaneous IL-2 monotherapy regimen demonstrated efficacy and safety comparable to those reported in previous studies of subcutaneous IL-2 monotherapy and was effective in Korean patients with metastatic RCC.
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Background@#Reversal of neuromuscular blockade (NMB) at the end of surgery is important for reducing postoperative residual NMB; this is associated with an increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs). Moreover, PPCs are associated with poor prognosis after video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) for lobectomy. We compared the effects of two reversal agents, sugammadex and neostigmine, on the incidence of PPCs and duration of hospital stay in patients undergoing VATS lobectomy. @*Methods@#After VATS lobectomy was completed under neuromuscular monitoring, the sugammadex group (n = 46) received sugammadex 2 mg/kg, while the neostigmine group (n = 47) received neostigmine 0.05 mg/kg with atropine 0.02 mg/kg after at least the third twitch in response to the train of four stimulation. The primary outcome was incidence of PPCs. The secondary outcomes were duration of hospital stay and intensive care unit (ICU) admission. @*Results@#There was no significant difference in the incidence of PPCs for both the sugammadex and neostigmine groups (32.6% and 40.4%, respectively; risk difference = 0.08; 95% confidence interval = [−0.12, 0.27]; P = 0.434). The lengths of hospital (P = 0.431) and ICU (P = 0.964) stays were not significantly different between the two groups. @*Conclusions@#The clinical use of sugammadex and neostigmine in NMB reversal for patients undergoing VATS lobectomy was not significantly different in the incidence of PPCs and duration of hospital and ICU stay.
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Objectives@#Body protective compound-157 (BPC-157) is a stable gastric pentadecapeptide that has been effective in trials aiming to increase wound healing capabilities and decrease inflammatory cell influx, including studies on the healing of muscles and tendons. There are no studies about the effect of BPC-157 on pain transmission via nociception. This study examined the antinociceptive effects of BPC-157 using formalin tests and immunohistochemistry. @*Methods@#Rats were randomly divided into the control, morphine and BPC-157 groups. Pain behavior was quantified periodically at 5- and 35- min intervals (representative values of phases 1 and 2) by counting the number of flinches exhibited by the injected paw after injection. The dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and spinal cords (SC) were collected, and then, the number of cytokine-positive cells was determined via immunostaining. @*Results@#BPC-157 dose-dependently decreased the number of flinches during phase 1 but did not decrease the number of flinches during phase 2. During phase 1, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in the DRG tissue was significantly different in the morphine, 10 μg/kg BPC-157, and 20 μg/kg BPC-157 groups. During phase 2, statistical significance was achieved in the DRG tissue in the morphine, 20 μg/kg BPC-157, and 40 μg/kg BPC-157 groups. During phase 1, interleukin-6 was significantly different in the DRG tissue in the morphine group and the SC tissue in the 10 μg/kg BPC-157 group. During phase 2, statistical significance was achieved in the morphine group and the BPC-157 20 μg/kg group in both the DRG and SC tissues. There were no significant differences in tumor necrosis factor-α between the DRG and SC tissues. @*Conclusions@#BPC-157 was effective during phase 1 but not during phase 2, as determined by the formalin test. BPC-157 decreased the expression of IL-1β in the DRG tissue in phases 1 and 2.
ABSTRACT
This study aimed to describe the initial experience of laparoscopic radical cystectomy (LRC) with total intracorporeal urinary diversion (ICUD). The procedure was performed in a male patient using a 5-port transperitoneal approach. Radical cystoprostatectomy and bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy were performed laparoscopically. A 40-cm segment of the ileum 20 cm from the ileocecal junction was then isolated, and ileo-ileal continuity was restored using Endo- GIA staplers. Bilateral ureteroileal anastomoses were individually performed using the modified Studer chimney. Running urethroileal anastomosis was performed at the midpoint of the remaining distal 30 cm of the ileal segment. The distal 30 cm of the isolated ileal segment was detubularized, and a modified Studer neobladder was constructed. The total operative time was 465 minutes, and the estimated blood loss was 890 mL. The patient resumed ambulation on postoperative day 2, and oral liquids were resumed on postoperative day 8. The surgical margins of bladder specimens were negative for cancer. LRC with ICUD performed completely intracorporeally was feasible. Large-scale studies are needed to define these benefits and corroborate these findings.
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Background@#Only a few studies have evaluated the differences between varying concentrations of a fixed dose of local anesthetics. This study was conducted to compare the effects of two different concentrations of a fixed dose of ropivacaine used in ultrasound-guided interscalene brachial plexus block. @*Methods@#This prospective, randomized, double-blind study included 62 patients who underwent arthroscopic surgery under general anesthesia. The patients were randomly assigned to receive ultrasound-guided interscalene block with 75 mg of ropivacaine at one of two concentrations: 0.75% (10 ml; group C) or 0.375% (20 ml; group V). Time to onset of sensory blockade, degree of blockade, pulmonary function changes, analgesic duration of the interscalene block, postoperative opioid requirement within 24 h, postoperative pain scores, satisfaction, and incidence of complications were recorded. @*Results@#Although the time to onset of sensory blockade was shorter for group C (P = 0.015), successful blockade was achieved at 30 min after the interscalene block in both groups. The analgesic duration of the interscalene block was not significantly different between the groups. The amount of opioid used within 24 h after surgery was significantly reduced for group V compared with group C (P = 0.016). The rest of the parameters did not show any significant differences between the two groups. @*Conclusion@#Compared with 10 ml of 0.75% ropivacaine, interscalene block with 20 ml of 0.375% ropivacaine could be effective for the reduction of postoperative opioid requirement within 24 h after surgery despite it might not prolong the analgesic duration.
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Background and Objectives@#The relationship between metabolic stress, inflammation, and cardiovascular disease is being studied steadily. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of palmitate (PA) and minimally modified low-density lipoprotein (mmLDL) on macrophages and to identify the associated pathways. @*Methods@#J774 macrophages were incubated with PA or mmLDL and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Secretion of inflammatory chemokines and the expression of corresponding genes were determined. The phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) mitogen-activated protein kinase was also assessed. RNA sequencing of macrophages was performed to identify the genes regulated by PA or mmLDL. Some of the genes regulated by the 2 agents were validated by knocking down the cells using small interfering RNA. @*Results@#PA or mmLDL promoted the secretion of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β in LPSstimulated macrophages, and this was accompanied by higher phosphorylation of ERK. RNA sequencing revealed dozens of genes that were regulated in this process, such as Csf3 and Edn1, which were affected by PA and mmLDL, respectively. These agents also increased Nlrp3 expression. The effect of Csf3 or Edn1 silencing on inflammation was modest, whereas toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 inhibition reduced a large proportion of macrophage activation. @*Conclusions@#We demonstrated that the proinflammatory milieu with high levels of PA or mmLDL promoted macrophage activation and the expression of associated genes such as Nlrp3, Csf3, and Edn1. Although the TLR4 pathway appeared to be most relevant, additional role of other genes in this process provided insights regarding the potential targets for intervention.
ABSTRACT
Liver injury is a common consequence of blunt abdominopelvic trauma. Contrast-enhanced CT allows for the rapid detection and evaluation of liver injury. The treatment strategy for blunt liver injury has shifted from surgical to nonoperative management, which has been widely complemented by interventional management to treat both liver injury and its complications. In this article, we review the major imaging features of liver injury and the role of interventional management for the treatment of liver injury.
ABSTRACT
Background@#Although urine culture is considered a reference standard for the diagnosis of urinary tract infection (UTI), it is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and expensive. Here, we evaluated the performance of five recent automated urine analyzers for UTI diagnosis. @*Methods@#For the 510 specimens analyzed, the criterion for ‘significant bacteriuria’ was defined as ≥ 104 CFU/mL in the inoculated plate for all specimens or ≥ 103 CFU/mL for specimens from patients using a Foley catheter or with urinary symptoms. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of UTI were analyzed using indicators individually, in different combinations, or with various cut-off values. @*Results@#Seventy-one specimens (13.9%) exhibited ‘significant bacteriuria’. In the eceiver operating characteristics curve analysis, UF-5000 (Sysmex Corp., Japan) showed the highest area under the curve values for both males and females (0.876 and 0.846, respectively). The PPVs for specimens from males with all indicators positive increased up to 100% after adjusting the cut-off values. NPVs for specimens with all indicators negative were 94.3%– 98.2% in males and 78.1%–93.8% in females after adjusting the cut-off values. @*Conclusion@#As a rapid and accurate diagnostic tool, urine sediment analyzers can be valuable for UTI diagnosis by reducing unnecessary culture and can help clinicians determine a treatment plan.
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Background@#Sore throat and hoarseness frequently occur following general anesthesia with tracheal intubation and are effectively reduced when dexamethasone is used prophylactically. Alchemilla vulgaris in glycerine (Neo Mucosal Activator®) suppresses inflammatory response, possibly relieving sore throat. @*Methods@#We enrolled 94 patients (age ≥ 18 years) scheduled for thoracic surgery using double-lumen tube intubation. Before intubation, 0.2 mg/kg of dexamethasone was administered intravenously and 2 ml of normal saline was sprayed into the oropharyngeal cavity (Group D; n = 45), or 0.04 ml/kg normal saline was administered intravenously and 1 g of Neo Mucosal Activator® mixed with 1 ml of normal saline was sprayed into the oropharyngeal cavity (Group N; n = 43), in a double blind and prospectively randomized manner. Postoperative sore throat and hoarseness were recorded using a numeral rating scale and a 4-point scale to detect a change in voice quality following tracheal extubation (at 1, 6, and 24 h). The primary outcome was the incidence of sore throat at 24 h following surgery. The secondary outcomes were incidence and severity of sore throat and hoarseness. @*Results@#There were no significant differences in the incidence of sore throat at 24 h following surgery (57.8% vs. 46.5%; P = 0.290) or in the incidence and intensity of sore throat and hoarseness at 1, 6, and 24 h following surgery between the groups. @*Conclusions@#A. vulgaris in glycerine did not significantly differ from dexamethasone for preventing sore throat and hoarseness owing to intubation.
ABSTRACT
Objectives@#Body protective compound-157 (BPC-157) is a stable gastric pentadecapeptide that has been effective in trials aiming to increase wound healing capabilities and decrease inflammatory cell influx, including studies on the healing of muscles and tendons. There are no studies about the effect of BPC-157 on pain transmission via nociception. This study examined the antinociceptive effects of BPC-157 using formalin tests and immunohistochemistry. @*Methods@#Rats were randomly divided into the control, morphine and BPC-157 groups. Pain behavior was quantified periodically at 5- and 35- min intervals (representative values of phases 1 and 2) by counting the number of flinches exhibited by the injected paw after injection. The dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and spinal cords (SC) were collected, and then, the number of cytokine-positive cells was determined via immunostaining. @*Results@#BPC-157 dose-dependently decreased the number of flinches during phase 1 but did not decrease the number of flinches during phase 2. During phase 1, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in the DRG tissue was significantly different in the morphine, 10 μg/kg BPC-157, and 20 μg/kg BPC-157 groups. During phase 2, statistical significance was achieved in the DRG tissue in the morphine, 20 μg/kg BPC-157, and 40 μg/kg BPC-157 groups. During phase 1, interleukin-6 was significantly different in the DRG tissue in the morphine group and the SC tissue in the 10 μg/kg BPC-157 group. During phase 2, statistical significance was achieved in the morphine group and the BPC-157 20 μg/kg group in both the DRG and SC tissues. There were no significant differences in tumor necrosis factor-α between the DRG and SC tissues. @*Conclusions@#BPC-157 was effective during phase 1 but not during phase 2, as determined by the formalin test. BPC-157 decreased the expression of IL-1β in the DRG tissue in phases 1 and 2.
ABSTRACT
This study aimed to describe the initial experience of laparoscopic radical cystectomy (LRC) with total intracorporeal urinary diversion (ICUD). The procedure was performed in a male patient using a 5-port transperitoneal approach. Radical cystoprostatectomy and bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy were performed laparoscopically. A 40-cm segment of the ileum 20 cm from the ileocecal junction was then isolated, and ileo-ileal continuity was restored using Endo- GIA staplers. Bilateral ureteroileal anastomoses were individually performed using the modified Studer chimney. Running urethroileal anastomosis was performed at the midpoint of the remaining distal 30 cm of the ileal segment. The distal 30 cm of the isolated ileal segment was detubularized, and a modified Studer neobladder was constructed. The total operative time was 465 minutes, and the estimated blood loss was 890 mL. The patient resumed ambulation on postoperative day 2, and oral liquids were resumed on postoperative day 8. The surgical margins of bladder specimens were negative for cancer. LRC with ICUD performed completely intracorporeally was feasible. Large-scale studies are needed to define these benefits and corroborate these findings.
ABSTRACT
Background@#Only a few studies have evaluated the differences between varying concentrations of a fixed dose of local anesthetics. This study was conducted to compare the effects of two different concentrations of a fixed dose of ropivacaine used in ultrasound-guided interscalene brachial plexus block. @*Methods@#This prospective, randomized, double-blind study included 62 patients who underwent arthroscopic surgery under general anesthesia. The patients were randomly assigned to receive ultrasound-guided interscalene block with 75 mg of ropivacaine at one of two concentrations: 0.75% (10 ml; group C) or 0.375% (20 ml; group V). Time to onset of sensory blockade, degree of blockade, pulmonary function changes, analgesic duration of the interscalene block, postoperative opioid requirement within 24 h, postoperative pain scores, satisfaction, and incidence of complications were recorded. @*Results@#Although the time to onset of sensory blockade was shorter for group C (P = 0.015), successful blockade was achieved at 30 min after the interscalene block in both groups. The analgesic duration of the interscalene block was not significantly different between the groups. The amount of opioid used within 24 h after surgery was significantly reduced for group V compared with group C (P = 0.016). The rest of the parameters did not show any significant differences between the two groups. @*Conclusion@#Compared with 10 ml of 0.75% ropivacaine, interscalene block with 20 ml of 0.375% ropivacaine could be effective for the reduction of postoperative opioid requirement within 24 h after surgery despite it might not prolong the analgesic duration.
ABSTRACT
Background and Objectives@#The relationship between metabolic stress, inflammation, and cardiovascular disease is being studied steadily. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of palmitate (PA) and minimally modified low-density lipoprotein (mmLDL) on macrophages and to identify the associated pathways. @*Methods@#J774 macrophages were incubated with PA or mmLDL and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Secretion of inflammatory chemokines and the expression of corresponding genes were determined. The phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) mitogen-activated protein kinase was also assessed. RNA sequencing of macrophages was performed to identify the genes regulated by PA or mmLDL. Some of the genes regulated by the 2 agents were validated by knocking down the cells using small interfering RNA. @*Results@#PA or mmLDL promoted the secretion of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β in LPSstimulated macrophages, and this was accompanied by higher phosphorylation of ERK. RNA sequencing revealed dozens of genes that were regulated in this process, such as Csf3 and Edn1, which were affected by PA and mmLDL, respectively. These agents also increased Nlrp3 expression. The effect of Csf3 or Edn1 silencing on inflammation was modest, whereas toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 inhibition reduced a large proportion of macrophage activation. @*Conclusions@#We demonstrated that the proinflammatory milieu with high levels of PA or mmLDL promoted macrophage activation and the expression of associated genes such as Nlrp3, Csf3, and Edn1. Although the TLR4 pathway appeared to be most relevant, additional role of other genes in this process provided insights regarding the potential targets for intervention.
ABSTRACT
Liver injury is a common consequence of blunt abdominopelvic trauma. Contrast-enhanced CT allows for the rapid detection and evaluation of liver injury. The treatment strategy for blunt liver injury has shifted from surgical to nonoperative management, which has been widely complemented by interventional management to treat both liver injury and its complications. In this article, we review the major imaging features of liver injury and the role of interventional management for the treatment of liver injury.
ABSTRACT
Background@#Although urine culture is considered a reference standard for the diagnosis of urinary tract infection (UTI), it is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and expensive. Here, we evaluated the performance of five recent automated urine analyzers for UTI diagnosis. @*Methods@#For the 510 specimens analyzed, the criterion for ‘significant bacteriuria’ was defined as ≥ 104 CFU/mL in the inoculated plate for all specimens or ≥ 103 CFU/mL for specimens from patients using a Foley catheter or with urinary symptoms. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of UTI were analyzed using indicators individually, in different combinations, or with various cut-off values. @*Results@#Seventy-one specimens (13.9%) exhibited ‘significant bacteriuria’. In the eceiver operating characteristics curve analysis, UF-5000 (Sysmex Corp., Japan) showed the highest area under the curve values for both males and females (0.876 and 0.846, respectively). The PPVs for specimens from males with all indicators positive increased up to 100% after adjusting the cut-off values. NPVs for specimens with all indicators negative were 94.3%– 98.2% in males and 78.1%–93.8% in females after adjusting the cut-off values. @*Conclusion@#As a rapid and accurate diagnostic tool, urine sediment analyzers can be valuable for UTI diagnosis by reducing unnecessary culture and can help clinicians determine a treatment plan.
ABSTRACT
Background@#Sore throat and hoarseness frequently occur following general anesthesia with tracheal intubation and are effectively reduced when dexamethasone is used prophylactically. Alchemilla vulgaris in glycerine (Neo Mucosal Activator®) suppresses inflammatory response, possibly relieving sore throat. @*Methods@#We enrolled 94 patients (age ≥ 18 years) scheduled for thoracic surgery using double-lumen tube intubation. Before intubation, 0.2 mg/kg of dexamethasone was administered intravenously and 2 ml of normal saline was sprayed into the oropharyngeal cavity (Group D; n = 45), or 0.04 ml/kg normal saline was administered intravenously and 1 g of Neo Mucosal Activator® mixed with 1 ml of normal saline was sprayed into the oropharyngeal cavity (Group N; n = 43), in a double blind and prospectively randomized manner. Postoperative sore throat and hoarseness were recorded using a numeral rating scale and a 4-point scale to detect a change in voice quality following tracheal extubation (at 1, 6, and 24 h). The primary outcome was the incidence of sore throat at 24 h following surgery. The secondary outcomes were incidence and severity of sore throat and hoarseness. @*Results@#There were no significant differences in the incidence of sore throat at 24 h following surgery (57.8% vs. 46.5%; P = 0.290) or in the incidence and intensity of sore throat and hoarseness at 1, 6, and 24 h following surgery between the groups. @*Conclusions@#A. vulgaris in glycerine did not significantly differ from dexamethasone for preventing sore throat and hoarseness owing to intubation.
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BACKGROUND: Automated cellular analyzers are expected to improve the analytical performance in body fluid (BF) analysis. We evaluated the analytical performance of three automated cellular analyzers and established optimum reflex analysis guidelines. METHODS: A total of 542 BF samples (88 cerebrospinal fluid [CSF] samples and 454 non-CSF samples) were examined using manual counting and three automated cellular analyzers: UniCel DxH 800 (Beckman Coulter), XN-350 (Sysmex), and UF-5000 (Sysmex). Additionally, 2,779 BF analysis results were retrospectively reviewed. For malignant cell analysis, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used, and the detection of high fluorescence-BF cells (HF-BFs) using the XN-350 analyzer was compared with cytology results. RESULTS: All three analyzers showed good agreement for total nucleated cell (TNC) and red blood cell (RBC) counts, except for the RBC count in CSF samples using the UniCel DxH 800. However, variable degrees of differences were observed during differential cell counting. For malignant cell analysis, the area under the curve was 0.63 for the XN-350 analyzer and 0.76 for manual counting. We established our own reflex analysis guidelines as follows: HF-BFs 83.4/100 WBCs or eosinophils >3.8% are the criteria for mandatory double check confirmation with 1,000× magnification examination. CONCLUSIONS: The three automated analyzers showed good analytical performances. Application of reflex analysis guidelines is recommended for eosinophils and HF-BFs, and manual confirmation is warranted.
Subject(s)
Body Fluids , Cell Count , Cerebrospinal Fluid , Eosinophils , Erythrocytes , Leukocytes , Reflex , Retrospective Studies , ROC CurveABSTRACT
Objective@#To report the mid-term results of a single-center randomized controlled trial comparing drug-coated balloon angioplasty (DBA) and plain balloon angioplasty (PBA) for the treatment of dysfunctional radiocephalic arteriovenous fistulas (RCAVFs). @*Materials and Methods@#In this prospective study, 39 patients (mean age, 62.2 years; 21 males, 18 females) with RCAVFs failing due to juxta-anastomotic stenosis were randomly assigned to undergo either both DBA and PBA (n = 20, DBA group) or PBA alone (n = 19, PBA group) between June 2016 and June 2018. Primary endpoints were technical and clinical success and target lesion primary patency (TLPP); secondary outcomes were target lesion secondary patency (TLSP) and complication rates.Statistical analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier product limit estimator. @*Results@#Demographic data and baseline clinical characteristics were comparable between the groups. Technical and clinical success rates were 100% in both groups. There was no significant difference between the groups in the mean duration of TLPP (DBA group: 26.7 ± 3.6 months; PBA group: 27.0 ± 3.8 months; p = 0.902) and TLSP (DBA group: 37.3 ± 2.6 months; PBA group: 40.4 ± 1.5 months; p = 0.585). No procedural or post-procedural complications were identified. @*Conclusion@#Paclitaxel-coated balloon use did not significantly improve TLPP or TLSP in the treatment of juxta-anastomotic stenosis of dysfunctional RCAVFs.